Relationship between humans and nature Essay Example for Free

Relationship between humans and nature Essay Marlowe in his poem ‘The passionate shepherd to his love’ talks of the strong link between humans and the nature that surrounds them. The poem from beginning to the end talks mainly of the nature that surrounds us wherever we go. The poem makes us understand that we are actually dependent on nature for all our needs. The nature in its splendor is so beautiful that Marlowe has actually united with the environment. The poem captures the joy of love, in the midst of nature. In fact reading the poem makes one wonder, if the natural splendor that surrounded Marlowe when he wrote the poem, was the reason for his love to flow like a river. Nature makes one forget about the present. In fact, it makes us forget all about ourselves and become one with nature as we enjoy and be part of the beauty that surrounds us in all its glory. Marlowe in this poem talks more of the nature that surrounds him and less about his love. The poem talks of the quiet simplicity of rural life and how humans are part of nature. There is no way of separating humans from nature. The humans are dependent on nature for their very existence. The nature is dependent on humans to be admired and glorified. The human dependence on nature is highlighted by the fact that Marlowe is sitting upon a rock. He wants to make a bed of roses; wool for a coat from the lambs, buckles for the slippers from gold, a belt of straw, the list goes on. Marlowe by writing this poem has made the readers understand the relationship between humans and nature. Annie Dillard in ‘Sojourner’ talks of the Earth in its entire splendor. She talks of the mangrove tree that floats and becomes like an island in a sense. She rediscovers the magic of nature and how it can be viewed in a beautiful sense. People ordinarily will not give a second thought to a tree floating. She magnifies the significance and projects a simple natural event into something extraordinary. In fact Annie Dillard brings to life the mangrove tree that is all but dead. A tree that has no life has been brought to life with her words. When Dillard talks about the mangrove tree, she actually means the Earth and its movements. She tells that Earth is a sojourner, creating its own path and moves in a path that cannot be followed by any other thing on Earth. She tells that Earth is a wet ball thrown into eternity and humans are part of this. We the humans and nature have united to become one. She ends with a question asking what will happen at the end of the journey. The mangrove tree will finally end up in the Ocean. So where do the Earth and the humans living on it finally end up, is a question left unanswered. Mangroves play a major role in the essay by Annie Dillard. She uses the tree to show the human nature. The mangrove starts from scratch and builds a strong foundation. The human nature and relationships are similar. We all start from scratch and build many strong relationships as we grow. Some who are not able to make any relationships are like the mangrove tree felled by the hurricane, being tossed and not knowing the final destination. Annie Dillard unites with nature and is part of it. She talks of the Earths movement in words that make a person imagine and feel the true aura of nature. She has merged the human nature and the nature to be examples of each other.

Effect of Financial Development on the Mauritius

Effect of Financial Development on the Mauritius Chapter One Introduction The introduction chapter of this dissertation provides the justification and purpose of the study, explains the research problem itself, defines the research objectives and highlights the scope of the study. Background to the research Policymakers and financial experts usually acknowledge that financial development- that is, a well-functioning financial system contributes to economic growth. A well-organised financial system can encourage economic growth through several channels by providing effective financial institutions and markets that help to overcome market resistance introduced by information asymmetries and transaction costs. Empirical studies on the link between financial development and economic growth have been analysed mostly by cross country cases until lately because of lack of enough time series data for developing countries. These researches have shown regularly that financial development is an important determinant of economic growth. However, even though the conclusion of these studies provides an appropriate guideline for the finance-growth nexus, it cannot be applied to all economies, as each specific country is regulated by its own financial institutions and policies. In this dissertation we are going to analyse the finance-growth relationship for one country only, Mauritius). The island of Mauritius is a fascinating country to study, because Mauritius over the past four decades have evolved from a mono-crop economy, depending on the production of sugar-cane to a mixed economy, pushed by export-oriented manufacturing, tourism and hospitality and the more recent developing sectors financial services and Information Communication and Technology. Mauritius is considered an upper middle income group in the Sub-Saharan Africa (developing only). It has been upgrading its position in international indexes for the rule of law (first in the Sub-Sahara Africa on rule of law index), investment (14th worldwide on the ease of starting a business and the strength of investor protection) and ease of doing business (ranking 19th of 183 countries on the 2012 Doing Business Index). Since the late 1980s, the financial sector has been transformed to become the fourth pillar of the Mauritian economy, with the set up of the Stock Exchange in 1989 and the Financial Services Commission in 2001. Mauritius has created various bodies to regulate the financial sector in its various aspects and substantial efforts have been made to revamp the legislative framework in the non-banking financial services sector by introducing amendments and new pieces of legislation. On a macroeconomic level Mauritius has also been doing well in the light of the world crisis in recent years. The government of Mauritius has attempted to mitigate the negative consequences of the global economic crisis through an appropriate policy mix. Thus, as the financial sector has a very important role to play in the development of the economy, this means that we have a good database for sufficient number of years to tackle this study. Purpose of the study Researches in the finance-growth nexus have been mainly on whether financial development has a positive effect on economic growth in Mauritius. In this context, we have tried to go deeper in this study by empirically analysing the co integration and causal link between financial development and economic growth in Mauritius and determining the effect of financial development and economic growth on each other by applying impulse response functions and variance decomposition techniques. The study analyses the effect of financial development on economic growth in Mauritius and covers the period 1981 to 2012. The period coincides with the rapid growth of the financial services sector in Mauritius in the 1980s, and is sufficiently long and allows comparison with other studies. Aims, Objectives, Research Questions and hypotheses Research objectives The main aim of this study is to determine the effect of financial development on economic growth for Mauritius. The following specific objectives will be answered: To investigate whether the increase in domestic credit to the private sector to Gross Domestic Product (GDP) has led to improvement in GDP per capita. To investigate whether the increase in GDP per capital has led to the increase in domestic credit to the private sector to GDP. The long run and short run relationship between economic growth and financial development. The response of domestic credit to the private sector to GDP to shocks from the different variables used in the study The response of GDP to shocks from the different variables used in the study. Research questions Throughout this study we will try to find solutions to the following questions: Does financial development lead to economic growth in Mauritius or does economic growth lead to financial development? Is there a bi-directional causality between financial development and economic growth in the short-run and long-run? Research hypotheses Research Hypotheses considered in the study: H0: The financial development and economic growth indicators are not stationary H1: The financial development and economic growth indicators are stationary H0: There is no co integration equation among the variables used in the study H1: There is co integration equation among the variables used in the study H0: There is short run causality running from independent variables to dependent variables H1: There is no short run causality running from independent variables to dependent variables, which means that there is long run causality. Scope of the study The study examines the relationship between financial development and economic growth in Mauritius and covers the period 1981 to 2012. The period starts almost in the same time that the economy of Mauritius was undergoing reforms in the financial sector with the creation of the Stock Exchange of Mauritius and later on the creation of the Financial Services Commission. Overall structure of the dissertation This dissertation has been organized into five chapters. The first chapter was an introduction to the proposed research. The second chapter will provide some relevant details on the financial development and economic growth in Mauritius. The third chapter will perform a review of theoretical concepts and empirical tests conducted worldwide concerning the financial development and economic growth with special attention to developing countries. The fourth chapter will describe the methodology to be used for the proposed study, the data gathering process together with analysis performed on same and the results will be interpreted graphically with discussions. The fifth and final chapter will draw conclusions from the study with some practical recommendations. REFERENCES Akinboade, O. A. (1998), ‘Financial Development and Economic Growth in Botswana: A Test for Causality’, Savings and Development, 22(3), 331-348. Allen, D.S and L. Ndikumana (2000), ‘Financial Intermediation and Economic Growth in Southern Africa’, Journal of African Economies, vol.9, no 2, pp. 132-160. Arestis, P. and Demetriades, P. O. (1997), ‘Financial development and economic growth: Assessing the evidence’, Economic Journal 107(442), 783–99. Blackburn K., and V.T.Y. Hung (1996), ‘A Theory of Growth, Financial Development and Trade’, Economica, vol. 65, pp. 107-124. Christopoulos, D.K. and Tsionas, E.G. (2004). ‘Financial development and economic growth: evidence from panel unit root and cointegration tests’, Journal of Development Economics,Vol. 73 No. 1, pp. 55-74. Choe, C. and I. A. Moosa (1999), ‘The Financial System and Economic Growth: The Korean Experience’, World Development, vol. 27, no.6, pp. 1069-1082. De Gregorio, J. and Guidotti, P. (1995), ‘Financial Development and Economic Growth’, World Development, 23, 434-48 Demetriades, P. and Hussein K. A. (1996), ‘Does Financial Development Cause Economic Growth’, Journal of Development Economies, vol. 51, pp. 387-411. Demetriades, P.O., Andrianova, (2004), ‘Finance and Growth: What We Know and What We Need to Know. In: Financial Development and Growth: Explaining the Links’. C. A. E. Goodhart (Eds). Palgrave Macmillan: Basingstoke, pp. 38-65. Goldsmith, R. (1969), Financial Structure and Development, Yale University Press, New Haven, CT. Greenwood, J. and Jovanovic B. (1990), ‘Financial Development, Growth and the Distribution of Income’, Journal of Political Economy, vol.34, pp. 1076-1107. Johannes, T. and Cletus, A. (2011). ‘ Financial Development and Ecxonomic Growth in Cameroon, 1970-2005’, Journal of Economics and International Finance Vol.3(6), pp.367-375, June 2011. Jordan, S. and Qi J.(2006),’Does Financial Development ‘Lead’ Economic Growth? The Case of China’, Annals of Economics and Finance 1,197-216. Jung, W. S. (1986), ‘Financial Development and Economic Growth: International Evidence’, Economic Development and Cultural Change, vol. 34, pp. 333-346. King, R. and Levine, R. (1993b), ‘Finance and growth: Schumpeter might be right’, Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol. 108 No. 3, pp. 717-37. Levine, R., 1997, ‘Financial Development and Economic Growth: Views and Agenda’, Journal of Economic Literature, 32(2). Levine, R., Loayza, N. and Beck, T. (2000a), ‘Financial intermediation and growth: causality and causes’, Journal of Monetary Economics, Vol. 46, pp. 31-77. Levine, R., Loayza, N. and Beck, T. (2000b), ‘Finance and the sources of growth’, Journal of Financial Economics, Vol. 58, pp. 261-300. Lucas, R.E. (1988), ‘On the Mechanics of Economic Development’, Journal of Monetary Mankiw N.G, D. Romer, D.H. Weil (1992), ‘A Contribution to the Empirics of Economic Growth’, The Quarterly Journal of Economics, vol. 107. McKinnon, R.I. (1973), Money and Capital in Economic Development, Washington DC: The Brookings Institution. McKinnon, R. (1991), The Order of Economic Liberalization: Financial Control in the Transition to a Market Economy, Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.Economics, vol. 22, pp. 3-42. Meier, G. M. (1991), ‘Leading Issues in Economic Development’, 4th edition, Oxford: Oxford University Press. Nowbutsing, B., Ramsohok, S. and Ramsohok, K. (2010),’A Multivariate Analysis of Financial Development and Growth in Mauritius: New Evidence’, Global Journal of Human Social Science, Vol.10 issue 1 (Ver 1.0) Pack, H. (1994), ‘Endogenous Growth Theory: Intellectual Appeal and Empirical Shortcomings’, Journal of Economic Perspectives, vol.8, no1 Patrick, H. (1966), ‘Financial Development and Economic Growth’, Economic Development and Cultural Change, vol.XIV, pp.451-65. Romer, P.M. (1986), ‘Increasing Returns and Long-run Growth’, Journal of Political Economy, vol. 94, pp.1002-1037. Romer, D. (1996), Advanced Macroeconomics, Berkeley: University of California. Rousseau, P.L. and P. Wachtel (1998), ‘Financial Intermediation and Economic Performance: Historical Evidence from Unobservable Components Models’, Journal of Monetary Economics, vol. 42, pp.387-425. Seetanah, B. (2007), ‘Financial development and economic growth: a VECM approach’, The Icfai Journal of Bank Management, Vol. 6 No. 4, pp. 7-16. Seetanah, B., Ramessur, T. S. and Rojid, S. (2008), ‘Financial development and economic growth: New evidence from sample of island economies’, Journal of Economic Studies, Vol.36 No2,2009, pp124-134. Seetanah, B. (2010), ‘Stock Market Development and Economic Growth in Developing countries: Evidence from Panel VAR framework’. Schumpeter, J. A. (1934), ‘The Theory of Economic Development’, Cambridge: Harvard University Press. First published in Germany, 1912. Shaw, E. S. (1973), Financial Deepening in Economic Development, New York: Oxford University Press. Solow, R.M. (1956), ‘A Contribution to the Theory of Economic Growth’, Quarterly Journal of Economics, vol. 70, no. 1. Swan, T.W. (1956), ‘Economic Growth and Capital Accumulation’, Economic Record, vol.32, no. 2. Wachtel, P. (2001), ‘Growth and Finance –What do We Know and How do We Know it?’ In International Finance. World Bank (2012). ‘Global Financial Development Report 2013: Rethinking the Role of the State in Finance.’ World Bank, Washington, DC (http://www.worldbank.org/financialdevelopment). Xu, Z. (2000), ‘Financial development, investment and growth’, Economic Inquiry, Vol. 38, pp. 331-44. WEBSITES Definition of Endogenous Growth Theory (2014).[Internet] Available from [Accessed 21 June 2014] Definition of Financial Intermediary (2014).[Internet] Available from [Accessed 22 June 2014] Definition of Solow-Swan Model (2014).[Internet] Available from [Accessed 1 July 2014] Fact sheet on Mauritius (2012). [Internet] Available from http://www.ninetyeastfinancial.com/articles/page.php?id=1022 [Accessed 1 July 2014] Mauritius Transformation Profile (2014). [Internet] Available from http://africantransformation.org/2014/02/07/mauritius/ [Accessed 21 September 2014] Mauritius: the Global Business Sector (2010). [Internet] Available from http://www.ifcreview.com/restricted.aspx?articleId=992areaId=32# [Accessed 21 September 2014]

I am Buddhist :: essays research papers

I am Buddhist An often forgotten essential in our short existence we call â€Å"life† is our need for at least a quintessential connection of spirituality for our own subsistence. And as this world we live in, develops into supposed â€Å"development’’ and as evolution directs our way of life into a tedious search of happiness derived from money†¦ and a person in a modern society barely has a moment for a prayer and â€Å"time’’ being as impatient as it is, the youth have no seconds to just sit and contemplate the power of a higher being, that a GOD might be the one that governs our destiny and fate†¦ and to have a flicker of an instant where one experiences a religious outlook on life†¦the air we breathe turns a little fresher and a load gets lifted off shoulders of stressed mentalities†¦ and call it a â€Å"pre-mature revelation’’ or a pious unveiling of my character but I have encountered such an emotion when I visited a ha ven called Bodh Gaya. Situated in the most corrupts of states in India, Bihar†¦it is an oasis of belief and hope and maybe the only answer and truth to some. It’s an uncanny placement for enlightenment, one might suggest†¦ but as a Buddhist, imagining all the struggle and suffering that the Buddha had overcome and all the adversities he had surpassed and of course the harsh truth he reveals to us and conveys with such meaning in his simple diction is at most overwhelming. At first sight the Mahabodhi temple standing tall among such meagre neighbours, humbled me at once†¦ petrifying in some ways and yet it seemed to comfort me all at once. As for the papal tree where Buddha had gained salvation is surrounded with such spirituality that it seemed to bog down upon my shoulders and yet at the same time it uplifted my spirits in the most unexplainable way. The hustling and bustling noises of Indians selling odd trinkets and beggars among the streets are drowned by the Tantric chants of monks praying in union. A pilgrimage that changed the way I thought about the youth†¦ and I was young too, therefore it basically changed the way I thought. As words are my limits†¦ so is word my only limits through which I cannot describe and do justice to the communion that one has to go there and experience for oneself. ‘’Nothing is as constant as change’’ and the journey through life does not end until death.

Kroisos vs Doryphoros :: Essays Papers

Kroisos vs Doryphoros The difference between an archaic statue such as Kroisos (fig. 5-11) and a classical statue such as Doryphoros (fig. 5-42) may not seem very great in a single glance. In fact, you may not notice any differences in that one glance. Yet, if you were to look at them closely, you can see that these two statues actually have very little in common. The first glance you’ve taken at those two statues, you just see a man standing there. They are not doing anything in particular, just standing there. That was only in the first glance of course. Now take a good look at each one. In the archaic Greek kouros figure, the pose of the figure is very frontal. The entire figure is relatively stiff with the exception of the left leg, which is in front of the body giving it the early contrapposto pose. Even though it does have a much more natural pose to it with the one leg out, the rest of the body is not in a pose as if the weight of the body was put into one leg. The head is stiff with the hair being geometric and with the hair falling back on the body. The physical stature of the body is moderately realistic. The muscles are not quite as well defined but they are still semi-realistic. They are portrayed as if they were tense. The arms are also at the side. In the other figure, Doryphoros, there seems to be much more expression. The contrapposto pose is very realistic. The weight is shifted all throughout the body. Arms are not stiff at the sides, but one is relaxed while the other is at a forty-five degree angle from the elbow. There is tension in the calf from the leg, which is being raised up. The torso is also somewhat at an angle because of the hips. The head is not frontal, but at an angle. The muscles are very defined but very relaxed. The hair is not naturally flowing, but not geometric. The emotion in the figures is also very different. In the archaic figure, the face contains emotion other than the archaic smile. The eyes are closed with no facial expression. The classical statue on the other hand does not have any facial expressions but has open eyes and no smile.

west side stadium :: essays research papers

West Side Stadium   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There is a lot of controversy over the plans for a new West Side stadium. The mayor says the stadium is necessary to win the honor of being the Host City for the 2012 Olympics. The stadium will also be home of the Jets. His opinion is that the stadium would do nothing but good for the city despite criticism from people saying the money should be added to the education budget. I believe the stadium should be built.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One thing that the stadium would do that I feel is important is that if we were to get the Olympics it would give the world something besides 9/11 when they think of New York. That is very important to me because I am tired of every time I’m on a trip some one telling me there sorry when they find out I live in New York. The money the Olympics will bring into the city will also be pretty substantial. It could really help to boost the economy. There will be many wealthy people visiting the city, some for the very first time. Athletes but trainers, hardcore fans, camera crews and reporters from all over the world. Their personal spending alone will probably add up to at least a million dollars. The West Side stadium is a terrific idea for a lot of other reasons as well. The West Side stadium project will create hundreds of jobs bringing down the unemployment rate. Which is especially good in a city that has had an on going problem with its unemployment rate. The West Side Stadium will also put an end to the monopoly that cablevision has over sports entertainment in this city. The same company that funds the ads bad mouthing the mayor and the plans for a West Side Stadium.

Modern Technology vs Books

One of the most important marvels of modern technology is the Internet, which has not just revolutionized the process of information retrieval, but also, dramatically changed the way people seek information. If in the past, people often had to spend so much time and energy going through many pages or sheets of printed media only to seek for specific information, now with the aid of the internet; information retrieval can be much easier and time-saving. The revolutionary way which the internet offers triggers an intriguing question whether it will replace books or printed media as the main source of information.From my observation, I tend to believe that it will. My main reason is because it has so many advantages over printed media, which make the former (the internet) more preferable, more interesting, more attractive, and even more reliable than the latter (printed media). As a result, more and more people turn to the internet every time they need to seek for information. Here are some of the advantages which I can list to support my belief. First, the kinds of information which the internet provides are almost unlimited.We can find almost any topics from a single computer equipped with a good connection to the internet, while it is impossible to find such a large number of topics only from a single book or a single newspaper. As a result, when people need almost any information, ranging from the latest news, house rentals, car sales, to public transport schedules and fares, they rely on the internet rather than printed media. Second, the information stored in the internet can be updated at very short intervals, enabling its users to always get the latest progress or development.This kind of updating can’t be applied to printed media and thus, printed media always lags behind the internet. Third, the internet also provides other facilities that printed media can’t provide. For example, it enables its users to perform multitasking or interactivit y, so that they can communicate with other people, play online games, download or upload pictures, and so on, while seeking for information. Fourth, the optimization of internet usage can reduce paper consumption significantly. Since the environmental awareness is on the rise, people are encouraged to reduce paper consumption.More paper consumption can lead to more deforestation because the raw materials for making paper basically come from forests. As a result, paperless office and â€Å"going paperless† are being intensively promoted, and here in this context, the internet has proved to be supportive. Looking at the rapidly widespread use of the internet and people’s increasing reliance on it, I believe that someday the internet will triumph over printed media. The first signs of it have shown. For example, the number of internet users is increasing so dramatically, while the sale of printed media is decreasing.

Shackleton Moral Challenge

Earnest Shackleton: Moral Challenge Earnest Shackleton, leader of the Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition showed great moral leadership in the choosing, leading and ultimate saving of his crew of 27 men. Shackleton led his men with strength and respect. He had a great ability to showcase the strength of individual men, while leading them as a team. In choosing his crew, he not only looked at the work that they would do, but also how they would interact with the rest of the men. In the most trying of circumstances. Once it became apparent that the original goal of the mission was lost, Shackleton kept his crew working together towards the common goal of survival. Shackleton shows great leadership using six fundamental leadership traits: â€Å"Planning, Team Building, Flexibility, Communication, Conflict Resolution, and Lead by Example. † (Harris 21) Even as a child, Shackleton was seen as both a strong leader and an empathetic friend. A classmate recalled that Shackleton had â€Å"beaten up a schoolyard bully who had been picking on a smaller boy. From an early age, Shackleton gravitated to the role of protector, stepping up to the front to insist on fair play. † (Morrell and Capparell, 17) Shackleton has a history of putting his men above the goal. In 1907, he was 97 miles from the South Pole when he turned back in order to return his party safely back to the ship. This ability to both lead and protect would prove to be invaluable in the Trans-Antarctic expedition. Shackleton plans his expedition carefully. He is aware of the environment and conditions, having been on expeditions in the Antarctic and to the South Pole in the past. He overstocks on provisions to keep his men fed and stimulated. There was food, books, music and the best equipment available at the time, including rations to prevent scurvy and specially designed tents. Shackleton only takes risks when necessary and when lives were at stake. â€Å"He often referred to himself as â€Å"Old Cautious† and took pleasure when his men called him the same. † (Morrell and Capparell, 34) â€Å"Shackleton built the crew list around a nucleus of tested veterans. † (Lansing, 16) These included men who had been with him in expeditions to the Antarctic with Scott (1901, 1910-1911) or the race to the pole (1908-1909). Other crew members were chosen with their personalities and ability to work together in mind. Shackleton hired a meteorologist with practically no qualifications for the position, simply because he thought that he â€Å"looked funny† and had recently returned from an expedition to the Sudan. One surgeon was hired in part because he joked about wearing glasses. Another was asked if he was good natured and if he could sing. â€Å"Despite the instantaneous nature of these decisions, Shackleton’s intuition of selecting compatible men rarely failed. (Lansing, 17) Shackleton shows an ability to change his tactics and goals during the course of the expedition. At the start, he is focused on the goal of a trans-Antarctic crossing. When it becomes apparent that the Endurance is locked in ice and the crossing will not happen, he focuses on the immediate need to survive the upcoming Antarctic winter. â€Å"He was careful, however, not to betray his disappointment to the men, and he cheerfully supervised the routine of readying the ship for the long winter’s night ahead. (Lansing, 34) Once it is determined that the ship is being crushed, the focus lies on moving to, and surviving on, the ice floe. As the ice is breaking up, Shackleton sets his sights on land. The unpredictable winds and currents are what finally determine the choice of Elephant Island. This is a rocky, uninhabited island, but it was land, and a place where the men could stay while he led a small crew of six in a single boat to South Georgia Island. Communication is an important facet of Shackleton’s leadership. He is available to his men, but still keeps enough of a distance to maintain authority and order. His men call him â€Å"boss†. This shows a sense of familiarity – they don’t feel that they need to call him Captain Shackleton, but also respect for his position and that they look to him as their leader. Shackleton shows a great skill in talking to his crew so that they work well together. When Vincent, a member of the crew tries to gain advancement through the use of tyranny, Shackleton listens to the complaints of the other crewmembers, speaks to Vincent privately and the behavior is corrected. It is not known what was said, but the attitude was improved. This shows an ability to both manage a potential bad situation, but also to do it privately so that Vincent is not reprimanded in front of his co-workers. Shackleton seeks the advice and opinions of the crew when determining a course of action, allowing them to have a say in the decision. However, when it comes time to make the decision, Shackleton takes full ownership and sees it through. Conflicts were bound to arise during the course of the expedition and Shackleton used a variety of means to avoid or end the conflicts in a timely manner. Knowing the personalities of his crew was an asset. Shackleton knew that Hurley had an ego that needed to be stroked and included him in many of the high level meetings to prove that he was important to the expedition. Certain crew members were more negative and prone to cause problems. â€Å"In their tents on the ice, Shackleton ensured that the ability of such â€Å"bad actors† to erode morale was checked by having them reside in Shackleton’s own tent or Wild’s tent. † (Chappell, 2) Shackleton leads by example. He does not take special privileges for himself and often works harder than his men. He is the first one up and the last one to sleep – often staying up to watch the ice and the currents so that his men can rest. Shackleton also leads the final crew in the more than 700 mile trip from Elephant Island to South Georgia Island. He shows a positive attitude at all times, which keeps his crew optimistic as they work together to survive. This is no small feat as he is responsible for 27 lives and has to give up the main goal of the expedition, which was to cross the Antarctic. Shackleton never gives up. Even after he reaches the whaling station on South Georgia Island, he does not wait for a ship to be delivered to rescue his men. As he has done the entire journey, he uses the resources available until he is able to meet his goal of bringing his entire crew back to safety and civilization. I believe that Shackleton shows moral leadership in that he is more concerned for his crew than he is for himself and his reputation as an explorer. Instead of following Scott’s example of meeting the original goal, he considers the consequences of losing his crew and chooses life over glory. Scott ruled by brute force an intimidation. He refused to look beyond his goals and while he did reach the South Pole, he also lost his life and the lives of his crew in the process. Shackleton showed a respect for others his entire life and this did not change when he became a leader of expeditions. He turned back from the South Pole in 1909 because he felt that reaching his goal would sacrifice his crew. During the Endurance expedition he sets the goal for survival and rescue and sees it through to the end. No lives were lost and his crew shows respect and obedience to â€Å"the boss† throughout. Endurance scholar Caroline Alexander says that the crew had a saying about Sir Earnest: â€Å"For scientific discovery give me Scott. For speed and efficiency give me Amundsen. But when you're in a hopeless case and disaster strikes, get down on your knees and pray for Shackleton. † Works Cited Lansing, Alfred. Endurance: Shackleton’s Incredible Voyage. New York: Carroll and Graf, 1959. Harris, Michael. â€Å"Leadership in a Time of Crisis: The Shackleton Way. † E Academic Affairs, 2003: 14-28. Jan 15, 2012. http://www. iuk. edu/chancellor/assets/pdf/leadership-in-a-time-of-crisis. pdf Morrell, Margo and Capparell, Stephanie. Shackleton's Way: Leadership Lessons from the Great Antarctic Explorer. New York: Viking Penguin, 2001. Chappell, Charles. â€Å"Shackleton’s Leadership of the Endurance Expedition. † Wharton Executive MBA Program, Class of 2001. Pages 1-5